Cranes Used in Factories: Types and Applications

In the manufacturing sector, factory cranes play a crucial role in streamlining material handling, increasing productivity, and ensuring the safe and efficient movement of heavy loads. Various types of cranes are utilized based on specific operational requirements, space constraints, and safety needs. This article provides an in-depth look at common factory crane types, their applications, and specific models from Yuantai Crane.

Introduction to Factory Cranes

Factory cranes, also known as industrial or process cranes, are specialized machines designed to lift, move, and position materials within industrial settings. Unlike mobile cranes, factory cranes are typically installed within the structure of a facility, utilizing fixed rails, beams, or columns. The selection of crane types depends on several factors including the load type, required lifting height, and operational environment. By optimizing the crane type for each application, factories can improve their productivity, enhance safety, and ensure compliance with industry standards.

Types of Cranes Used in Factories

Factory cranes can be classified into several types based on their structure, operational mechanism, and intended application. Key crane types include Overhead Cranes, Gantry Cranes, and Jib Cranes. Each type is designed with specific features to meet different handling needs.

Overhead Cranes

• Single Girder Overhead Crane: Ideal for light to moderate lifting tasks, single girder cranes are cost-effective and can handle a broad range of materials. These cranes are particularly suited for facilities with low ceilings, as they require minimal vertical space.
• Double Girder Overhead Crane: Designed for heavy-duty operations, double girder cranes are capable of lifting heavier loads than single girder models. With two parallel beams, they offer greater stability and can be used in applications that require precision and control.
• Underslung Cranes: These cranes are mounted on the bottom flange of runway beams, which allows for better use of space in factories with limited headroom. Underslung cranes are often chosen for narrow or irregularly shaped workspaces.
• Explosion-Proof Overhead Cranes: Used in hazardous environments, such as petrochemical plants, these cranes are equipped to handle materials safely in explosive atmospheres. Explosion-proof cranes are manufactured with special materials and electrical components to prevent ignition of flammable substances.
• Electromagnetic Overhead Cranes: These cranes use electromagnetic fields to lift metal materials, making them ideal for steel mills, scrap yards, and other industries that handle large quantities of ferrous materials. The electromagnetic feature allows operators to quickly release or secure loads, improving operational efficiency.
• Grab Bucket Overhead Cranes: Equipped with a grab bucket, these cranes are designed to handle bulk materials such as sand, coal, and gravel. Common in material handling facilities, grab bucket cranes automate the loading and unloading process, reducing manual handling needs.

Gantry Cranes

• Double Girder Gantry Crane: With a dual-beam structure, double girder gantry cranes provide enhanced lifting capacity and stability. These cranes are ideal for handling large, heavy loads, such as machinery or containers, in open factory yards.
• Single Girder Gantry Crane: Less heavy-duty than double girder gantries, single girder gantry cranes are often used for lighter, routine handling tasks. Their single beam design makes them more economical and easier to install.
• Semi-Gantry Cranes: Semi-gantry cranes have one leg supported by a rail on the floor, while the other side is supported by an elevated runway. This design allows for material handling in areas with restricted space, such as assembly lines or storage areas.
• Track-Type Container Gantry Cranes (RMG): These specialized cranes, often powered by diesel engines, are used in handling containers in factory settings. They are commonly seen in logistics facilities or in industrial yards where large containers need to be moved and stored.

Jib Cranes

• Pillar Jib Crane: Mounted on a freestanding pillar, these cranes offer a wide range of motion and are ideal for small to medium lifting tasks. Pillar jib cranes are frequently used in workstations where materials need to be moved within a fixed area.
• Wall-Mounted Jib Crane: Installed on a wall or building column, wall-mounted jib cranes provide efficient lifting without taking up floor space. They are useful in areas where space is limited or where the crane needs to be positioned near workbenches.
• Wall-Travelling Jib Crane: These cranes combine the flexibility of wall-mounted cranes with the ability to travel along a fixed rail, allowing for more extensive coverage along walls. Wall-travelling jib cranes are used in workshops or assembly areas where materials need to be transported across longer distances.

Key Factors in Selecting Factory Cranes

• Load Capacity: Different crane types have varying load capacities. For example, double girder overhead cranes are more suited for heavy lifting, while jib cranes are better for smaller, localized tasks.
• Operational Environment: Explosion-proof cranes are necessary in hazardous environments, while electromagnetic cranes are ideal for handling ferrous materials.
• Space Constraints: Overhead and underslung cranes are optimal for facilities with limited floor space, while gantry and jib cranes may be better suited for open areas or workstations.
• Frequency of Use: Higher duty cycle cranes are preferred for applications with continuous lifting operations, as they are built to withstand repetitive use.

Yuantai Cranes for Industrial Applications

• Overhead Cranes: Yuantai provides both single and double girder overhead cranes with electric motors, as well as specialized models like explosion-proof and electromagnetic cranes. These options accommodate heavy-duty applications and environments requiring enhanced safety.
• Gantry Cranes: Yuantai’s gantry cranes, available in both single and double girder designs, offer solutions for large, open spaces. The track-type container gantry cranes (RMG) are equipped for container handling, often seen in logistics and warehousing sectors.
• Jib Cranes: Yuantai’s pillar, wall-mounted, and wall-travelling jib cranes cater to localized handling tasks, especially in assembly and production lines where flexibility is required.

Safety and Efficiency Considerations

When using cranes in factory settings, it is essential to prioritize safety and efficiency. Proper crane installation, regular maintenance, and adherence to load limits are critical in preventing accidents. Operators should be trained in load handling, safe operating practices, and emergency procedures. Safety accessories, such as load limit indicators and anti-sway controls, can further enhance crane safety.

Conclusion

Cranes play a pivotal role in factory operations, enabling efficient material handling and streamlining manufacturing processes. The selection of an appropriate crane type—whether it be an overhead, gantry, or jib crane—depends on load requirements, space constraints, and operational needs. Yuantai Crane offers a broad range of cranes designed for specific factory applications, providing high-quality, reliable solutions for various industrial environments.